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Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

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NTSB Report

June 17, 1994 · Robinson R22 BETA · N2346J

Elizabethtown, KY

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
June 17, 1994
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (2 uninjured)
Location
Elizabethtown, KY
Aircraft
Robinson R22 BETA
Tail Number
N2346J
Operator
J R Aviation
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
BFO94LA105

THE PILOT AND PASSENGER WERE DEPARTING FROM A LOT THAT WAS SURROUNDED BY OBSTRUCTIONS. ACCORDING TO THE PILOT, HE TOOK OFF IN A HOVER, THEN AS THE HELICOPTER WAS PASSING TREES AT ABOUT 70 FEET AND 30 TO 35 KNOTS, IT BEGAN SPINNING TO THE RIGHT. HE SAID HE TRIED TO STOP THE TURNING WITH LEFT PEDAL, WHICH DID NOT CORRECT THE PROBLEM. HE ENTERED AN AUTOROTATION TO A ROAD. DURING THE AUTOROTATIVE LANDING, THE HELICOPTER TOUCHED DOWN HARD, DAMAGING THE UNDERSIDE OF THE AIRFRAME. ACCORDING TO WITNESSES, THE MAIN ROTOR BLADES CLIPPED A TREE, BUT NO BLADE DAMAGE WAS REPORTED. POST-ACCIDENT EXAMINATION REVEALED NO PREIMPACT MECHANICAL DISCREPANCIES. ACCORDING TO THE HEIGHT-VELOCITY DIAGRAM IN THE R22 OPERATING HANDBOOK, DIRECTIONAL CONTROL WAS LOST WHEN THE HELICOPTER WAS OUTSIDE THE AREA FOR THE 'RECOMMENDED TAKE-OFF PROFILE' (AIRSPEED/ALTITUDE ENVELOPE FOR A SUCCESSFUL AUTOROTATION).

NTSB Probable Cause

THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN DIRECTIONAL CONTROL. A FACTOR RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WAS: THE HELICOPTER WAS OUTSIDE THE HEIGHT-VELOCITY ENVELOPE (FOR A SUCCESSFUL AUTOROTATION), WHEN LOSS OF DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OCCURRED.

Full Narrative

On June 17, 1994, about 1200 eastern daylight time, a Robinson R-22 Beta, N2346J, was substantially damaged during a hard landing that followed an autorotation, in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The personal flight was being operated by J.R. Aviation, Elizabeth, Indiana. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The flight was being conducted under CFR 14 Part 91. In the NTSB form 6120.1/2, the pilot stated, I took off at back end of gravel lot behind First Christian Church of Elizabethtown. All gauges looked normal, so proceeded to hover then forward flight. As I passed by trees to my right at approximately 30 to 35 knots [the] airplane started to spin to [the] right. I tried to enter left pedal to stop turning. After noting this was not correcting the problem, I lowered the collective to try to arrest the rotation. After two 360 degree spins, I entered autorotation to road.... At the termination of the autorotation, the helicopter landed hard causing damage to the underside of the airframe. According to witness statements and a police report, the helicopter struck a tree prior to landing. Post accident examination by a Federal Aviation Administration Inspector revealed no mechanical discrepancies with the helicopter or the engine. According to the height-velocity diagram in the R-22 Pilot's Operating Handbook, between 0-53 knots and 15-400 feet, was an area outside of the "RECOMMENDED TAKE-OFF PROFILE" area.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time11:00 CDT
Nearest Airport0nm
Runway0
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftRobinson R22 BETA
Tail NumberN2346J
Aircraft CategoryHeli
DamageSubstantial
OperatorJ R Aviation
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-320 · Reciprocating · 124
Seats2

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (2 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured2
Total2
Crew 1Age 32 · First Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
WindCalm
Visibility6 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point70 F
Altimeter30.00 inHg
Weather SourcePILO

Appendix: Source Data