Premium research interface

The modern interface for aviation safety intelligence.

Search investigations, review source evidence, monitor watched reports, and trace long-term patterns from one calm, data-first workspace.

63k+
Reports indexed
1940-2026
Coverage
Recent
Last data refresh
Featured Report

Loading…

Loading featured report…

Loading…
Open Report

Safety trends by operating rule

Track fatal and non-fatal accident patterns across Part 91, Part 135, and Part 121 operations.

Loading trend charts…

Browse the aviation graph

Move quickly by aircraft, airport, operator, and time with indexes built for research, not wandering.

Last Data Update

By Decade

By Month

Aircraft Manufacturer

More manufacturers

Airports

More airports

Operators

More operators

About

Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

The goal is practical safety education: make it faster to find relevant investigations, compare similar events, review factual records, and understand the evidence behind probable-cause and preliminary reports.

The investigative work and source records belong to the National Transportation Safety Board and the published investigation record. This site is not affiliated with or endorsed by the NTSB.

FAQs

NTSB Report

May 7, 1995 · Robinson R22 BETA · N2321X

Miami, FL

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
May 7, 1995
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (2 uninjured)
Location
Miami, FL
Aircraft
Robinson R22 BETA
Tail Number
N2321X
Operator
Ace Helicopter
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
MIA95LA128

THE LESSON WAS TO PREPARE THE STUDENT FOR A SCHEDULED CHECK RIDE. WHILE PERFORMING PRACTICE AUTOROTATIVE LANDINGS WITH POWER RECOVERY, THE CFI ALLOWED THE STUDENT TO INITIATE THE FLARE AT 100 FEET INSTEAD OF 40 FEET AS INDICATED IN THE FAA APPROVED PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK (POH). ALSO, THE CFI ALLOWED THE STUDENT TO INITIATE THE POWER RECOVERY AT 40 FEET INSTEAD OF 8-10 FEET AS ALSO INDICATED IN THE POH. THE HELICOPTER LANDED HARD AND THE MAIN ROTOR BLADES SEVERED A SECTION OF THE TAILBOOM. THE CFI STATED THAT THERE WAS NO AIRFRAME PREIMPACT FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION.

NTSB Probable Cause

INADEQUATE SUPERVISION BY THE CFI FOR ALLOWING THE STUDENT TO INITIATE INITIAL FLARE AND POWER RECOVERY AT 100 FEET INSTEAD OF 40 FEET AND 40 FEET INSTEAD OF 8-10 FEET RESPECTIVELY. ADDITIONALLY, FAILURE OF THE CFI TO COMPLY WITH THE FAA APPROVED FLIGHT MANUALS.

Full Narrative

On May 7, 1995, about 1130 eastern daylight time, a Robinson R22 Beta helicopter, registered to Metro Helicopter, Inc., operated by Ace Helicopter Corp., landed hard at the Kendall- Tamiami Executive Airport, Miami, Florida, while on a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time and no flight plan was filed. The helicopter was substantially damaged and the certified flight instructor (CFI) and student were not injured. The flight originated about 1040 from the Kendall-Tamiami Executive Airport, Miami, Florida. The CFI stated that the student pilot was performing a practice autorotation with power recovery. The entry altitude and airspeed were 600 feet and 75 knots. The glide airspeed stabilized at 65 knots and at 100 feet, the rotor rpm was in the green range, the airspeed was 60 knots, and the rate of descent was 1,500 feet per minute (fpm). At 100 feet the student initiated the flare and at 40 feet, forward cyclic and power were applied. The main rotor rpm then began to decay and the helicopter impacted the ground hard. A section of the tailboom was then severed by the main rotor blades. The CFI stated that there was no engine or airframe preimpact failure or malfunction. According to the airframe manufacturer pilot's operating handbook normal procedures section and the flight training guide, the stated altitude to initiate the flare is about 40 feet above ground level (agl). At about 8-10 feet agl, apply forward cyclic to level the helicopter and raise collective to stop the descent. Additionally, power as required to keep the rpm in the green arc.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time11:30 EDT
Nearest AirportKendall-Tamiami Executive (0nm)
Runway0
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftRobinson R22 BETA
Tail NumberN2321X
Aircraft CategoryHeli
DamageSubstantial
OperatorAce Helicopter
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-320-B2C · Reciprocating · 131
Seats2

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (2 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured2
Total2
Crew 1Age 52 · Second Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind120° @ 4 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point66 F
Altimeter30.00 inHg
Observation Time15:43
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data