Premium research interface

The modern interface for aviation safety intelligence.

Search investigations, review source evidence, monitor watched reports, and trace long-term patterns from one calm, data-first workspace.

63k+
Reports indexed
1940-2026
Coverage
Recent
Last data refresh
Featured Report

Loading…

Loading featured report…

Loading…
Open Report

Safety trends by operating rule

Track fatal and non-fatal accident patterns across Part 91, Part 135, and Part 121 operations.

Loading trend charts…

Browse the aviation graph

Move quickly by aircraft, airport, operator, and time with indexes built for research, not wandering.

Last Data Update

By Decade

By Month

Aircraft Manufacturer

More manufacturers

Airports

More airports

Operators

More operators

About

Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

The goal is practical safety education: make it faster to find relevant investigations, compare similar events, review factual records, and understand the evidence behind probable-cause and preliminary reports.

The investigative work and source records belong to the National Transportation Safety Board and the published investigation record. This site is not affiliated with or endorsed by the NTSB.

FAQs

NTSB Report

September 3, 1995 · Patin Challenger II Challenger · N4281D

Cedar Springs, MI

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
September 3, 1995
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 serious injury)
Location
Cedar Springs, MI
Aircraft
Patin Challenger II Challenger
Tail Number
N4281D
Injuries
Serious
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
CHI95LA293

Witnesses stated the homebuilt airplane's engine began sputtering during its initial climb after takeoff and the airplane circled back toward the airport for a landing. During its approach, the airplane's tail wheel struck a power line and the airplane pitched down and collided with the ground. The on-scene investigation revealed control cable continuity with their respective control surfaces, and four fouled spark plugs, two that had no visible electrode gap. The pilot said the plugs didn't have to be cleaned or changed until they operated for 50 hours. The pilot said the plugs had been used about 50 hours. An engine manufacturer's representative said the plugs need to be changed after 25 hours of engine running time. The representative said the engine must be decarbonized after 50 hours of operation. The procedure is to inspect the engine after dismantling the cylinders, heads, and pistons. The owner/pilot said he checked for carbonization by looking in the exhaust port. The representative said this is not the correct procedure.

NTSB Probable Cause

inadequate engine maintenance by the owner/pilot-mechanic. Factors associated with the accident were fouled spark plugs and the pilot not being able to maintain proper altitude/clearance between his airplane and the electrical power lines during his landing approach.

Full Narrative

On September 3, 1995, at 1853 eastern daylight time (edt), a Patin Challenger II, N4281P, piloted by a private pilot, was substantially damaged when it collided with an electrical power line and the ground during a forced landing. The pilot reported a partial loss of power shortly after takeoff. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The 14 CFR Part 91 flight was not operating on a flight plan. The pilot reported serious injuries. The flight departed Cedar Springs, michigan, at 1850 edt. Witnesses stated that N4281D's engine began sputtering shortly after takeoff. They said the airplane began circling back to the restricted landing area for what they thought was a landing. The witnesses said as the airplane approached the landing area its tail wheel engaged an electric power line. They said the airplane pitched down and collided with the ground shortly after the wire contact. The on-scene examination was conducted by a Federal Aviation Administration Principal Maintenance Inspector (PMI). The PMI said observed flight control system continuity on N4281D. He said an examination of the engine revealed four fouled spark plugs. Two of the spark plugs were fouled to the point that there was no visible gap. A representative of the engine manufacturer stated the required spark plugs for N4281D's engine were the NGK B8ES type. He said the plugs should be discarded after 25 hours engine operating time. The pilot/owner said his spark plugs didn't have to be changed until they had operated for 50 hours. The PMI asked the owner how many hours he had on the spark plugs. The owner said the plugs had close to 50 hours on them. N4281D's engine had the NGK B8ES plugs installed in it at the time of the accident. The manufacturing representative said the engine must be decarbonized after every 50 hours of operation. According to the representative, the engine's cylinder heads, cylinders and pistons must be removed for examination and cleaning. The pilot/owner told the PMI that he checks for carbonization by viewing the piston through the exhaust port. The manufacturer's representative said this method is not reliable and should not be used. Excerpts from the manufacturer's operator's manual for N4281D's engine are appended to this report.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time18:53 EDT
Nearest Airport0nm
Runway0
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftPatin Challenger II Challenger
Tail NumberN4281D
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsRotax · 503 · Reciprocating · 50

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 serious injury)
Fatal0
Serious1
Minor0
Uninjured0
Total1
Crew 1Age 48 · Third Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind110° @ 3 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point61 F / 52
Altimeter30.00 inHg
Observation Time22:50
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data