Premium research interface

The modern interface for aviation safety intelligence.

Search investigations, review source evidence, monitor watched reports, and trace long-term patterns from one calm, data-first workspace.

63k+
Reports indexed
1940-2026
Coverage
Recent
Last data refresh
Featured Report

Loading…

Loading featured report…

Loading…
Open Report

Safety trends by operating rule

Track fatal and non-fatal accident patterns across Part 91, Part 135, and Part 121 operations.

Loading trend charts…

Browse the aviation graph

Move quickly by aircraft, airport, operator, and time with indexes built for research, not wandering.

Last Data Update

By Decade

By Month

Aircraft Manufacturer

More manufacturers

Airports

More airports

Operators

More operators

About

Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

The goal is practical safety education: make it faster to find relevant investigations, compare similar events, review factual records, and understand the evidence behind probable-cause and preliminary reports.

The investigative work and source records belong to the National Transportation Safety Board and the published investigation record. This site is not affiliated with or endorsed by the NTSB.

FAQs

NTSB Report

November 27, 1995 · Cessna 172 · N4231F

Kasilof, AK

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
November 27, 1995
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 minor injury)
Location
Kasilof, AK
Aircraft
Cessna 172
Tail Number
N4231F
Injuries
Minor
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
ANC96LA015

The pilot reported he was attempting to takeoff from a frozen lake after he had attempted a touch and go on the lake's surface to test its suitability for landing. The airplane touched down in crusty snow and water and the airplane bogged down. The pilot said he was able to taxi to a better part of the lake to attempt to takeoff. Prior to his takeoff attempt, he was packing snow with the airplane by making several high speed taxi runs across his intended takeoff area. On the last taxi run prior to his intended takeoff attempt, the airplane inadvertently became airborne when he lifted the nosewheel to pass over a wet spot. The pilot tried to push the nose down, but the airplane's elevator was frozen by accumulated snow and slush. The pilot reduced engine power, and the airplane collided with the lake.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot's inadvertent liftoff, and an inoperative elevator that became jammed due to frozen slush/snow.

Full Narrative

On November 27, 1995, about 1500 Alaska standard time, a wheel equipped Cessna 172, N4231F, collided with terrain during an unplanned departure from Bear Lake, about 34 miles west of Kasilof, Alaska. The airplane was being operated as a visual flight rules (VFR) cross-country personal flight when the accident occurred. The airplane, (registered to and operated by the pilot, sustained substantial damage. The certificated private pilot, the sole occupant, was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed. The pilot reported that he was going to land to check on a remote cabin, located near the coast of Reboubt Bay. The intended landing was on the frozen surface of Bear Lake. The pilot noticed about 4 inches of snow on the surface and attempted to bounce the airplane on the ice surface to assess the ice condition. He indicated that he rapidly added engine power to begin a go-around but the engine hesitated and he decided to reduce power and land. After landing, the pilot noticed several areas of snow drift and some areas of standing water that had overflowed onto the ice. The pilot attempted to make a takeoff path on the lake and decided to make several taxi runs to help in compacting any snow. During the taxi runs, the pilot indicated that he crossed several areas of standing water while holding aft elevator control to minimize any potential damage to the nose wheel of the airplane. During one of the taxi runs, the airplane suddenly became airborne and climbed to about 25 feet above the ground. The pilot attempted to push the control yoke forward but found the elevator was frozen. He reduced engine power and the airplane descended to the lake surface in a nose down attitude. The airplane received damage to the nose wheel, engine, and firewall. After the collision, the pilot noticed about 1 and 1/2 inches of ice on the empennage and elevator.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time10:00 AKST
Nearest Airport0nm
Runway0
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftCessna 172
Tail NumberN4231F
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsContinental · O-300A · Reciprocating · 145
Seats0

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 minor injury)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor1
Uninjured0
Total1
Crew 1Age 63 · Third Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
WindCalm
Visibility60 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point16 C / 0 C
Altimeter0
Weather SourcePILO

Appendix: Source Data