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Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

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NTSB Report

December 28, 1998 · Cessna 177 · N3293T

Immokalee, FL

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
December 28, 1998
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 minor injury), 1 uninjured
Location
Immokalee, FL
Aircraft
Cessna 177
Tail Number
N3293T
Injuries
Minor
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
MIA99LA060

The student pilot initiated a touch and go after landing. The airplane was slow to accelerate. The flight instructor took over the flight controls. He ensured the carburetor heat was off and raised the flaps up to 20-degrees. He rotated the airplane about half way down the runway, and raised the flaps to 10-degrees. He adjusted the airplane to climb attitude upon reaching 60 mph, and raised the flaps to the full up position. The airplane reached about 50 feet, and started to lose power in a high sink rate. The CFI applied aft pressure on the control yoke to maintain a nose high attitude. The airplane collided with the ground off the end of the runway very hard. The right main landing gear separated, and the airplane came to a stop. Law enforcement personnel checked the fuel levels by turning on the master switch. The left fuel tank registered no fuel, and the right fuel tank showed about an eighth of a tank of fuel. An Airframe and Powerplant mechanic drained the fuel tanks to determine the remaining fuel quantity. About 2 gallons of fuel was remaining. The total fuel capacity is 49 gallons. The flight manual states useable fuel in each bay for all flight conditions is 24 gallons when completely filled.

NTSB Probable Cause

The certified flight instructor's inadequate supervision and his inadequate management of the fuel, which resulted in fuel exhaustion.

Full Narrative

On December 28, 1998, about 1525 eastern standard time, a Cessna 177, N3293T, registered to a private owner, operating as a 14 CFR Part 91 instructional flight, experienced a hard landing at Immokalee Airport, Immokalee, Florida. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and no flight plan was filed. The airplane sustained substantial damage. The commercial-rated certified flight instructor (CFI) reported no injuries. The private pilot receiving instruction reported minor injuries. The flight originated from Naples, Florida, about 25 minutes before the accident. The CFI stated he had been conducting touch-and-go landings at Immokalee Airport. The rated student pilot initiated the touch-and-go. The airplane appeared slow so he took over the flight controls. He ensured the carburetor heat was off and brought the flaps up to 20 degrees. He rotated when the airplane was about half way down the total length of the runway and raised the flaps to 10 degrees. He nosed the airplane over to level flight, when the airspeed indicator reached 60 mph he adjusted to a climb attitude and raised the flaps to the full up position. The airplane reached about 50 feet and started to lose power in a high sink rate. He pulled aft pressure on the control yoke to ensure a nose high attitude. The airplane collided with the ground hard off the end of the runway to the left. The right main landing gear collapsed, the nose gear collided with the ground and separated. The airplane came to a stop off the left side of the runway. Law enforcement personnel stated they checked the airplane fuel levels by turning on the master switch. "The left fuel tank registered no fuel (wing was up at approximately a thirty five degree angle). The right fuel tank showed about an eighth of a tank (that wing tip was resting on the ground). The FAA Inspector had an Airframe and Powerplant mechanic drain the fuel tanks to determine the amount of fuel that was remaining. About 2 gallons of fuel was drained out of the fuel tanks. Review of the Cessna Model 177 and Cardinal Owner's Manual, Section II, Fuel System states, "Usable fuel in each bay, for all flight conditions, is 24 gallons when completely filled. The total fuel capacity is 49 gallons.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time15:25 EST
Nearest AirportImmokalee Regional (0nm)
Runway18
Runway Length5000 ft
Runway Width150 ft
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftCessna 177
Tail NumberN3293T
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-320-E2D · Reciprocating · 150
Seats4

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 minor injury), 1 uninjured
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor1
Uninjured1
Total2
Crew 1Age 67 · Second Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind320° @ 6 kt
Visibility7 sm
CeilingNone
Altimeter29.00 inHg
Observation Time20:53
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data