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January 3, 1993 · Saab-Scania Ab Saab 340A · N342PX

Hibbing, MN

Overview

Report Status
Probable Cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
January 3, 1993
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (31 uninjured)
Location
Hibbing, MN
Aircraft
Saab-Scania Ab Saab 340A
Tail Number
N342PX
Operator
Express I
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
CHI93MA061

During the approach, the 1st Officer (FO) asked the Capt if he wanted to '...pop the boots?' to remove ice off the wings. The Capt responded '...it's going to the hangar. I'll run 'em on the ground...'. The FO retarded power over the threshold & the sink rate increased; the Capt observed 900 fpm. The FO applied additional back pressure on the yoke, but it was inadequate to arrest the high sink rate. Additional back pressure was applied, and the stall horn sounded followed shortly thereafter by the Capt stating 'I got it.' During the hard landing the right main landing gear broke, the fuel tank ruptured, and the right wing rear spar bent upward. Aprx 18 hrs after the accident, 3/16 inch of rime mixed with clear ice was observed on the leading edges of the wing, horiz stab, and vert stab. The ice had finger-like protrusions positioned vertically to the wing surfaces. The company's line ops manual does not discuss flight characteristics or landing techniques specific to wing ice. Neither pilot had received company's current CRM training.

NTSB Probable Cause

THE FIRST OFFICER'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN A PROPER DESCENT RATE DURING THE LANDING, AND THE CAPTAIN'S INADEQUATE SUPERVISION BY NOT TAKING TIMELY ACTION TO ENSURE A SAFE LANDING. FACTORS WHICH CONTRIBUTED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: THE COMPANY'S FAILURE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE TRAINING ON THE AIRPLANE'S FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS AND/OR HANDLING TECHNIQUES UNDER CONDITIONS OF WING ICE CONTAMINATION, THE COMPANY'S FAILURE TO ASSURE THAT BOTH PILOTS HAD RECEIVED THE CURRENT CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) TRAINING, AND THE EXISTING WEATHER CONDITIONS WHICH RESULTED IN AN ACCUMULATION OF ICE ON THE AIRPLANE'S WING.

Full Narrative

DURING THE APPROACH, THE 1ST OFFICER (FO) ASKED THE CAPT IF HE WANTED TO '...POP THE BOOTS?' TO REMOVE ICE OFF THE WINGS. THE CAPT RESPONDED '...IT'S GOING TO THE HANGAR. I'LL RUN'EM ON THE GROUND...' THE FO RETARDED POWER OVER THE THRESHOLD & THE SINK RATE INCREASED; THE CAPT OBSERVED 900 FPM. THE FO APPLIED ADDITIONAL BACK PRESSURE ON THE YOKE, BUT IT WAS INADEQUATE TO ARREST THE HIGH SINK RATE. ADDITIONAL BACK PRESSURE WAS APPLIED, AND THE STALL HORN SOUNDED FOLLOWED SHORTLY THEREAFTER BY THE CAPT STATING 'I GOT IT.' DURING THE HARD LANDING THE RIGHT MAIN LANDING GEAR BROKE, THE FUEL TANK RUPTURED, AND THE RIGHT WING REAR SPAR BENT UPWARD. APRX 18 HRS AFTER THE ACCIDENT, 3/16 INCH OF RIME MIXED WITH CLEAR ICE WAS OBSERVED ON THE LEADING EDGES OF THE WING, HORIZ STAB, AND VERT STAB. THE ICE HAD FINGER-LIKE PROTRUSIONS POSITIONED VERTICALLY TO THE WING SURFACES. THE COMPANY'S LINE OPS MANUAL DOES NOT DISCUSS FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OR LANDING TECHNIQUES SPECIFIC TO WING ICE. NEITHER PILOT HAD RECEIVED COMPANY'S CURRENT CRM TRAINING.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time19:42 CST
Nearest AirportHibbing-Chisholm (0nm)
Runway31
Runway Length6758 ft
Runway Width150 ft
Flight Plan FiledIFR
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftSaab-Scania Ab Saab 340A
Tail NumberN342PX
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
OperatorExpress I
Operating RulePart 135
Engines2
Engine TypeTurboprop
Engine DetailsGe · CT-7 · Turboprop · 1735
Seats33

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (31 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured31
Total31
Crew 1Age 30 · First Class

Conditions

ConditionsIMC
LightDark Night
Wind170° @ 10 kt, gusting 18 kt
Visibility1 sm
Ceiling500 ft
Temperature / Dew Point19 C / 18 C
Altimeter28.00 inHg
Observation Time01:45
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data