Immediately after lift-off, the airplane rolled left, but the pilot controlled the roll with right aileron. The left aileron was observed in a full up position. The captain elected to return and land at the airport. With snow on the runway, he decided to use 15 degree wing flaps until 300 feet, then extend the flaps to 30 degrees. He said he needed full right aileron to maintain control once the flaps were extended to 30 degrees. An exam revealed the left 'down' aileron cable (for down movement) had broken. Also, the left 'up' aileron cable and both right aileron cables were worn and were replaced. Metallurgical examination revealed numerous worn strands in the cables. A 'C' check/inspection of the aileron cables had been accomplished on 12/20/92 (580 flight hours before incident) via procedures. Procedures lacked details and no service life was established for aileron control cables. The 1968 model airplane had about 59,000 flight hours; no record of previous cable replacement was found.