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Aviation safety reports, made easier to study

NTSB Reports is an independent research and search tool for public aviation accident and incident records. It brings NTSB aviation reports, structured fields, docket files, extracted figures, photos, videos, and update history into one searchable interface.

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NTSB Report

September 13, 1992 · Tennessee Engineering & Manf Z-MAX · UNREG

Manchester, MI

Overview

Report Status
Probable Cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
September 13, 1992
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 serious injury)
Location
Manchester, MI
Aircraft
Tennessee Engineering & Manf Z-MAX
Tail Number
UNREG
Operator
Charles E Baker Iii
Injuries
Serious
Aircraft Damage
Destroyed
NTSB Number
CHI92DEC04

The mid-wing configured experimental airplane was observed flying close to the runway surface. Witnesses reported the airplane executed a steep climbing 360 degree turn to the right. The airplane stalled at the conclusion of the turn and descended into trees adjacent to the runway. An on-scene investigation revealed the builder of the airplane was also the pilot. The builder had deviated from the designer's plans and modified the rudder control system. The result of the modification was a left rudder cable failure due to chafing and overload. The builder had also installed an engine which had 25 horsepower (hp) more than allowed by the designer. The designer stated an airplane with 65 hp would perform too steep a climb for the average person. This, he stated, would cause the pilot to lose reference with the horizon due to the airplane's mid-wing configuration. The designer also stated the mid-wing configuration does not block airflow over the elevator unless in a stall, at which point the turbulent air would pass over the elevator.

NTSB Probable Cause

AN INADEQUATE DESIGN OF THE RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM BY THE PILOT/BUILDER OF THE AIRPLANE, A PULLUP PERFORMED BY THE PILOT, AND A TOTAL FAILURE OF THE RUDDER FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM.

Full Narrative

THE MID-WING CONFIGURED EXPERIMENTAL AIRPLANE WAS OBSERVED FLYING CLOSE TO THE RUNWAY SURFACE. WITNESSES REPORTED THE AIRPLANE EXECUTED A STEEP CLIMBING 360 DEGREE TURN TO THE RIGHT. THE AIRPLANE STALLED AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE TURN AND DESCENDED INTO TREES ADJACENT TO THE RUNWAY. AN ON-SCENE INVESTIGATION REVEALED THE BUILDER OF THE AIRPLANE WAS ALSO THE PILOT. THE BUILDER HAD DEVIATED FROM THE DESIGNER'S PLANS AND MODIFIED THE RUDDER CONTROL SYSTEM. THE RESULT OF THE MODIFICATION WAS A LEFT RUDDER CABLE FAILURE DUE TO CHAFING AND OVERLOAD. THE BUILDER HAD ALSO INSTALLED AN ENGINE WHICH HAD 25 HORSEPOWER (HP) MORE THAN ALLOWED BY THE DESIGNER. THE DESIGNER STATED AN AIRPLANE WITH 65 HP WOULD PERFORM TOO STEEP A CLIMB FOR THE AVERAGE PERSON. THIS, HE STATED, WOULD CAUSE THE PILOT TO LOSE REFERENCE WITH THE HORIZON DUE TO THE AIRPLANE'S MID-WING CONFIGURATION. THE DESIGNER ALSO STATED THE MID-WING CONFIGURATION DOES NOT BLOCK AIRFLOW OVER THE ELEVATOR UNLESS IN A STALL, AT WHICH POINT THE TURBULENT AIR WOULD PASS OVER THE ELEVATOR.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time13:08 EDT
Nearest AirportPrivate Grass Field (1nm N)
Runway0
Runway Length600 ft
Runway Width150 ft
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftTennessee Engineering & Manf Z-MAX
Tail NumberUNREG
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageDestroyed
OperatorCharles E Baker Iii
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsArrow · GT 500 RA · Reciprocating · 65
Seats1

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 serious injury)
Fatal0
Serious1
Minor0
Uninjured0
Total1
Crew 1Age 39 · Third Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind200° @ 4 kt
Visibility15 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point54
Altimeter30.00 inHg
Observation Time17:20
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data