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NTSB Report

March 10, 1990 · American AA-1 · N5655L

Borego Springs, CA

Overview

Report Status
Probable Cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
March 10, 1990
Injury Outcomes
2 injuries (2 serious injuries)
Location
Borego Springs, CA
Aircraft
American AA-1
Tail Number
N5655L
Operator
Puffer Gene L
Injuries
Serious
Aircraft Damage
Destroyed
NTSB Number
LAX90FA111

THE ACFT HAD FLOWN 228 HRS, SINCE THE ENG WAS OVERHAULED. THE OVERHAUL WAS DONE BY THE OWNERS & SIGNED OFF BY AN A & P MECH. DRG THE OVERHAUL, THE CAM SHAFT WAS GROUND & THE TAPPETS RESURFACED. THE LYCOMING O/H MANUAL STATED THAT IF THE CAM SHAFT WAS REPLACED OR REGROUND, NEW TAPPETS MUST BE INSTALLED TO PREVENT SEVERE WEAR & SPALLING OF THE CAM LOBES & TAPPET BODIES. EXAM OF THE ENG REVEALED THAT THE CAM LOBES & TAPPETS FOR THE #1 & #2 CYLS WERE SEVERELY SPALLED & WORN DOWN TO ABOUT HALF THE NORMAL PROFILE. LYC TECH REPS SAID THE CAM LOBE WEAR WOULD CHANGE THE DURATION & AMOUNT OF VALVE ACTION, REDUCING THE POWER OUTPUT ABILITY. OTR DISCREPANCIES WERE FOUND DURING THE EXAM OF THE ENG. AFTER DEPG, THE ACFT CLIMBED TOWARD THE MTNS. THE TRRN RISE WAS ABOUT 470 FT/MI & THE ACFT WAS CAPABLE OF CLIMBING AT ABOUT 350 FT/MI. WITNESSES SAW THE ACFT APCH THE MTN RIDGE LOW & SLOW, THEN TURN LEFT AS IT BEGAN A DSCNT TO THE GND. HIGH WINDS WERE BLOWING ACROSS THE RIDGE AT THE TIME & CLOUDS TOPPED THE MTNS.

NTSB Probable Cause

IMPROPER IN-FLIGHT PLANNING/DECISION BY THE PILOT, AND HIS FAILURE TO MAINTAIN SUFFICIENT AIRSPEED AND ALTITUDE, WHICH RESULTED IN A STALL/MUSH INTO RISING MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN. FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: THE TERRAIN AND WEATHER CONDITIONS, AND FAILURE OF THE ENGINE TO PROVIDE FULL POWER, DUE TO IMPROPER MAINTENANCE AND SUBSEQUENT WEAR OF THE CAM LOBES & TAPPETS.

Full Narrative

THE ACFT HAD FLOWN 228 HRS, SINCE THE ENG WAS OVERHAULED. THE OVERHAUL WAS DONE BY THE OWNERS & SIGNED OFF BY AN A & P MECH. DRG THE OVERHAUL, THE CAM SHAFT WAS GROUND & THE TAPPETS RESURFACED. THE LYCOMING O/H MANUAL STATED THAT IF THE CAM SHAFT WAS REPLACED OR REGROUND, NEW TAPPETS MUST BE INSTALLED TO PREVENT SEVERE WEAR & SPALLING OF THE CAM LOBES & TAPPET BODIES. EXAM OF THE ENG REVEALED THAT THE CAM LOBES & TAPPETS FOR THE #1 & #2 CYLS WERE SEVERELY SPALLED & WORN DOWN TO ABOUT HALF THE NORMAL PROFILE. LYC TECH REPS SAID THE CAM LOBE WEAR WOULD CHANGE THE DURATION & AMOUNT OF VALVE ACTION, REDUCING THE POWER OUTPUT ABILITY. OTR DISCREPANCIES WERE FOUND DURING THE EXAM OF THE ENG. AFTER DEPG, THE ACFT CLIMBED TOWARD THE MTNS. THE TRRN RISE WAS ABOUT 470 FT/MI & THE ACFT WAS CAPABLE OF CLIMBING AT ABOUT 350 FT/MI. WITNESSES SAW THE ACFT APCH THE MTN RIDGE LOW & SLOW, THEN TURN LEFT AS IT BEGAN A DSCNT TO THE GND. HIGH WINDS WERE BLOWING ACROSS THE RIDGE AT THE TIME & CLOUDS TOPPED THE MTNS.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time15:16 PST
Nearest Airport0nm N
Runway0
Runway Length0
Runway Width0
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftAmerican AA-1
Tail NumberN5655L
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageDestroyed
OperatorPuffer Gene L
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-235-C2C · Reciprocating · 108
Seats2

People & Injuries

Injury Summary2 injuries (2 serious injuries)
Fatal0
Serious2
Minor0
Uninjured0
Total2
Crew 1Age 32 · Second Class

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind320° @ 10 kt, gusting 15 kt
Visibility50 sm
CeilingBroken clouds 1500 ft
Temperature / Dew Point0 C / 0 C
Altimeter0
Weather SourceWIT

Appendix: Source Data