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NTSB Report

December 3, 2009 · Cessna 208B · N701FX

Rome, NY

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Incident
Date
December 3, 2009
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (1 uninjured)
Location
Rome, NY
Aircraft
Cessna 208B
Tail Number
N701FX
Operator
Wiggins Airways
Injuries
None
NTSB Number
ERA10IA094

The airplane was climbing through 7,500 feet when the pilot heard a grinding noise and saw that the gas generator speed indicator had dropped to zero. The engine then seized and the pilot declared an emergency. An air traffic controller provided vectors toward an airport; however, the airplane landed in a field about 3 miles short of the runway. Subsequent disassembly of the engine revealed compressor turbine blade fractures at varying heights above the platform and downstream damage to the power turbine blades. Further examination revealed that 13 blades were fractured at the platform, with 8 of those exhibiting fatigue fractures at the leading edge, and overload fractures toward the trailing edge. The remaining five blades exhibited ductile overload fractures over the entire fracture surface. A number of blades were also fixed to the disc, with the mating surfaces of both the blades and the disc exhibiting corrosion. Examination of blade serrations revealed an accumulation of orange dust, with black corrosion blisters observed at various locations. Dust analysis revealed sulphidation, with airborne salts likely reacting with the oxide layer on the blades to result in oxide layer decay. Subsequent to the incident, the operator increased engine water washes from once every 50 hours of engine operation to weekly, and incorporated borescope inspections into the engine maintenance program at every 100 hours of operation.

NTSB Probable Cause

The operator's inadequate engine wash intervals, which resulted in compressor turbine blade sulphidation and subsequent turbine blade failure.

Full Narrative

On December 3, 2009, at 0747 eastern standard time, a Cessna 208B, N701FX, operated as Wiggins Airways flight 8409, experienced a loss of engine power followed by a forced landing to a field near Rome, New York. The certificated airline transport pilot was not injured, and there was no damage to the airplane. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the landing site. The airplane was operating on an instrument flight rules flight plan from Syracuse Hancock International Airport (SYR), Syracuse, New York, to Plattsburgh International Airport (PBG), Plattsburgh, New York. The unscheduled cargo flight was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 135. According to the company vice president of operations, the airplane was climbing through 7,500 feet when the pilot heard a “grinding noise,” and saw the Ng indication drop to zero. The engine then seized, and the pilot declared an emergency. Air traffic control provided vectors toward Griffiss International Airport (RME), Rome, New York; however, the airplane forced landed in a field about 3 miles short of runway 15. The engine was subsequently disassembled under Federal Aviation Administration oversight at Pratt and Whitney Engine Services, Bridgeport, West Virginia. Disassembly revealed compressor turbine (CT) blade fractures at varying heights above the platform, and downstream damage to the power turbine blades. The CT disc was forwarded to Pratt and Whitney Canada facilities in Montreal, Quebec, for further examination. According to Pratt & Whitney Canada Engine/Component Investigation Report No. 09ASA06, a total of 13 blades were fractured at the platform, with 8 of those exhibiting smooth fracture surfaces at the leading edge, consistent with fatigue. Those blades also exhibited a "dull dendritic appearance" toward the trailing edge, consistent with overload. The remaining five blades exhibited a dull dendritic appearance over the entire fracture surface, consistent with ductile overload. During disc disassembly, only 14 of the blades were easily removed, and the others had to be pushed out, which was partially attributed to the disc having rubbed against the case. Several other blades were extracted with little or no evidence of rubbing, suggesting they were fixed to the disc. Further examination revealed black corrosion blisters on the mating surfaces of both the blades and the disc. Examination of blade serrations revealed an accumulation of orange dust, with black corrosion blisters also observed at various locations. Dust analysis indicated the presence of calcium and sulphur, with sulphates noted by the report as being common in "concrete, runway dust and in marine atmospheres." Analysis was also conducted on "grayish nodules" in a corroded area of one blade, which indicated features consistent with sulphidation. "The sulphur in the dust, most likely a salt, was the corrosive element." Spectrum analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the blades and blade coatings were within specifications. Subsequent to the incident, the operator increased engine water washes from once every 50 hours of operation to weekly, and incorporated borescope inspections into the engine maintenance program at every 100 hours of operation.

Flight

Event TypeIncident
Event Time07:47 EST
Nearest Airport0nm
Flight Plan FiledIFR
Flight Plan ActivatedYes
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftCessna 208B
Tail NumberN701FX
Aircraft CategoryAir
OperatorWiggins Airways
Operating RulePart 135
Engines1
Engine TypeTurboprop
Engine DetailsP&W · PT6A SER · Turboprop · 750
Seats0 + 2

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (1 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured1
Total1
Crew 1Age 46 · Second Class · None

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind220° @ 6 kt
Visibility8 sm
CeilingBroken clouds 4000 ft
Temperature / Dew Point52 / 50
Altimeter29.25 inHg
Observation Time12:53
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data