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August 12, 2016 · Cessna 152 · N48440

Hillsboro, OR

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
August 12, 2016
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (1 uninjured)
Location
Hillsboro, OR
Aircraft
Cessna 152 (1977)
Tail Number
N48440
Operator
Hillsboro Aero Academy
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
GAA16CA431

The student pilot reported that during a short field landing, she flared a "little bit too high". She pushed the yoke forward, and the nose wheel impacted the ground first, subsequently the airplane porpoised and impacted a taxiway edge identifier light on the edge of the runway. The student pilot further reported that after she applied "heavy" brakes she taxied the airplane to the ramp area without further incident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engine mount. According to the student pilot there were no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration has published the Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3A (2004). This handbook discusses porpoising and states in part: In a bounced landing that is improperly recovered, the airplane comes in nose first setting off a series of motions that imitate the jumps and dives of a porpoise—hence the name. The problem is improper airplane attitude at touchdown, sometimes caused by inattention, not knowing where the ground is, mistrimming or forcing the airplane onto the runway. Ground effect decreases elevator control effectiveness and increases the effort required to raise the nose. Not enough elevator or stabilator trim can result in a nose low contact with the runway and a porpoise develops. Porpoising can also be caused by improper airspeed control. Usually, if an approach is too fast, the airplane floats and the pilot tries to force it on the runway when the airplane still wants to fly. A gust of wind, a bump in the runway, or even a slight tug on the control wheel will send the air plane aloft again. The corrective action for a porpoise is the same as for a bounce and similarly depends on its severity. When it is very slight and there is no extreme change in the airplane's pitch attitude, a follow-up landing may be executed by applying sufficient power to cushion the subsequent touchdown, and smoothly adjusting the pitch to the proper touchdown attitude.

NTSB Probable Cause

The student pilot's improper pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in a porpoise and substantial damage to the engine mount.

Full Narrative

The student pilot reported that during a short field landing, she flared a "little bit too high". She pushed the yoke forward, and the nose wheel impacted the ground first, subsequently the airplane porpoised and impacted a taxiway edge identifier light on the edge of the runway. The student pilot further reported that after she applied "heavy" brakes she taxied the airplane to the ramp area without further incident. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the engine mount. According to the student pilot there were no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. The Federal Aviation Administration has published the Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3A (2004). This handbook discusses porpoising and states in part: In a bounced landing that is improperly recovered, the airplane comes in nose first setting off a series of motions that imitate the jumps and dives of a porpoise—hence the name. The problem is improper airplane attitude at touchdown, sometimes caused by inattention, not knowing where the ground is, mistrimming or forcing the airplane onto the runway. Ground effect decreases elevator control effectiveness and increases the effort required to raise the nose. Not enough elevator or stabilator trim can result in a nose low contact with the runway and a porpoise develops. Porpoising can also be caused by improper airspeed control. Usually, if an approach is too fast, the airplane floats and the pilot tries to force it on the runway when the airplane still wants to fly. A gust of wind, a bump in the runway, or even a slight tug on the control wheel will send the air plane aloft again. The corrective action for a porpoise is the same as for a bounce and similarly depends on its severity. When it is very slight and there is no extreme change in the airplane's pitch attitude, a follow-up landing may be executed by applying sufficient power to cushion the subsequent touchdown, and smoothly adjusting the pitch to the proper touchdown attitude.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time14:30 PDT
Nearest AirportPortland-Hillsboro (0nm SSE)
Runway31L
Runway Length6600 ft
Runway Width150 ft
Flight Plan FiledCvfr
Flight Plan ActivatedYes
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftCessna 152
Tail NumberN48440
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
OperatorHillsboro Aero Academy
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-235-L2C · Reciprocating · 110
Seats2

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (1 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured1
Total1
Crew 1Age 19 · Third Class · None

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind160° @ 3 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point54
Altimeter29.97 inHg
Observation Time21:53
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data