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September 10, 2017 · Cessna 172 Undesignat · N5703A

Coolin, ID

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
September 10, 2017
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 serious injury), 3 uninjured
Location
Coolin, ID
Aircraft
Cessna 172 Undesignat (1956)
Tail Number
N5703A
Injuries
Serious
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
GAA17CA526

The pilot reported that he completed a normal landing to the south at a grass airstrip near a lake that was surrounded by 75-ft-tall pine trees. He added that he and his passengers ate lunch at the airstrip, and during that time, he noticed "mostly calm" wind with an "occasional gust from the south." The pilot further reported that, due to the runway gradient, he decided to take off downhill to the north because the wind sock was indicating a calm wind. He reported that, during the soft field takeoff, the takeoff roll was normal, but that, about 100 ft above ground level, he noticed that the "climb had slowed" and the "airspeed was dropping." The pilot lowered the nose, the airplane "descended quickly," and then touched down on the runway with about 30 ft remaining. Subsequently, the airplane overran the runway, crossed a road, and impacted a dumpster and trees. The fuselage and both wings sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported that the airplane was 25 lbs under maximum gross weight. The pilot reported that there were no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. An automated weather observation station (AWOS) 13 nautical miles from the accident site, reported, about the time of the accident, wind from 240° at 6 knots. A review of four hourly AWOS recordings, south and east of the accident site, around the time of the accident, revealed that the wind was variable from the southwest to west at 5 to 10 knots, gusting 15 to 18 knots. The pilot reported that the takeoff was on runway 33. The calculated density altitude was 3,700 ft. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) density altitude Koch Chart, the airplane would have likely experienced a 32% decrease in the normal climb rate and a 50% increase in the normal takeoff distance. The FAA's Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B, contained a section titled, "Effect of Obstructions on Wind," which stated in part: "Another atmospheric hazard exists that can create problems for pilots. Obstructions on the ground affect the flow of wind and can be an unseen danger. Ground topography and large buildings can break up the flow of the wind and create wind gusts that change rapidly in direction and speed. These obstructions range from man-made structures, like hangars, to large natural obstructions, such as mountains, bluffs, or canyons. It is especially important to be vigilant when flying in or out of airports that have large buildings or natural obstructions located near the runway. The intensity of the turbulence associated with ground obstructions depends on the size of the obstacle and the primary velocity of the wind. This can affect the takeoff and landing performance of any aircraft and can present a very serious hazard." It is likely that, during the initial climb in high-density altitude conditions, the airplane encountered a quartering tailwind gust as the airplane climbed above the trees, which resulted in a loss of lift and an inability to gain altitude during the initial climb.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot's decision to take off in high-density altitude and gusting quartering tailwind conditions, which resulted in a loss of lift and an inability to gain altitude during the initial climb.

Full Narrative

The pilot reported that he completed a normal landing to the south at a grass airstrip, near a lake and surrounded by 75 ft. tall pine trees. He added that he and his passengers ate lunch at the airstrip, and during that time, he noticed "mostly calm" wind with an "occasional gust from the south." The pilot further reported that, due to the runway gradient, he decided to takeoff downhill to the north, as the wind sock was indicating a calm wind. During the soft field takeoff, he reported that the take-off roll was normal, but about 100 ft. above ground he noticed that the "climb had slowed" and the "airspeed was dropping." The pilot lowered the nose, the airplane "descended quickly," and touched down on the runway with about 30 ft. remaining. Subsequently, the airplane overran the runway, crossed a road, and impacted a dumpster and trees. The fuselage and both wings sustained substantial damage. The pilot reported that the airplane was 25 lbs. under maximum gross weight. The pilot did not report that there were any preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. An automated weather observation station (AWOS), about the time of the accident, 13 nautical miles from the accident site, reported wind from 240° at 6 knots. A review of four, hourly AWOSs, south and east of the accident site, around the time of the accident, recorded wind variable from the southwest to westerly direction, at 5 to 10 knots, gusting 15 to 18 knots. The pilot reported that the takeoff was on runway 33. The calculated density altitude was 3,700 ft. According to the Federal Aviation Administration density altitude Koch Chart, the airplane would have likely experienced a 32% decrease to the normal climb rate, and a 50% increase to the normal takeoff distance. The Federal Aviation Administration's Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-25B, contains a section titled "Effect of Obstructions on Wind" which stated in part: "Another atmospheric hazard exists that can create problems for pilots. Obstructions on the ground affect the flow of wind and can be an unseen danger. Ground topography and large buildings can break up the flow of the wind and create wind gusts that change rapidly in direction and speed. These obstructions range from man-made structures, like hangars, to large natural obstructions, such as mountains, bluffs, or canyons. It is especially important to be vigilant when flying in or out of airports that have large buildings or natural obstructions located near the runway. The intensity of the turbulence associated with ground obstructions depends on the size of the obstacle and the primary velocity of the wind. This can affect the takeoff and landing performance of any aircraft and can present a very serious hazard."

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time14:44 PDT
Nearest AirportCavanaugh Bay (0nm SSW)
Runway33
Runway Length3100 ft
Runway Width120 ft
Flight Plan FiledNone
Flight Plan ActivatedNo
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftCessna 172 Undesignat
Tail NumberN5703A
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsCont Motor · O-300 · Reciprocating · 145
Seats4

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 serious injury), 3 uninjured
Fatal0
Serious1
Minor0
Uninjured3
Total4
Crew 1Age 63 · Third Class · None
Crew 2Age 71 · None · None

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind240° @ 6 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point37 C
Altimeter30.20 inHg
Observation Time21:55
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data