HISTORY OF FLIGHTOn August 10, 2018, about 2050 eastern daylight time, a Gulfstream IV airplane, N619A, operated by Pegasus Elite Aviation as PEGJET flight 19, aligned with a taxiway instead of runway 35 at Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The flight crew initiated a go-around, and the airplane flew past four air carrier airplanes on the taxiway during the go-around climb. The incident airplane came within about 200 ft of the first airplane on the taxiway. The seven passengers and three crewmembers were not injured, and the airplane was not damaged. The airplane was operating under Title 14 Code of Federal Regulation Part 135 as a charter flight. Night visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the incident. The flight departed Los Cabos International Airport (SJD), San José del Cabo, Mexico, at 1611 (1311 local time). The captain was the pilot flying, and the first officer was the pilot monitoring. The approach to PHL began about 2046. The captain stated that he was flying a visual approach to runway 35 with the area navigation (RNAV) approach for backup and both flight crewmembers stated that the RNAV needle showed that the airplane was centered during the approach. The crewmembers stated that the turn to final approach occurred about 7 or 8 miles from the runway. When the airplane was about 5 miles from the runway, ATC cleared the flight for a visual approach. When the airplane was about 3.5 miles from the runway, ATC cleared the flight to land on runway 35. The captain stated that all the lights, including the taxiway lights, runway lights, and lights on the sides of runways 35 and 27R blended together. Both the captain and first officer stated that the first officer called the tower to turn up the lights for runway 35, but that call was not heard on the ATC audio recording. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) radar data showed that, as the airplane descended through 800 feet agl, about 2.4 miles from runway 35 threshold, the airplane began to deviate slightly to the left. The deviation was arrested as the airplane aligned with taxiway E, which was parallel to runway 35, about 2 miles from the runway threshold. The first officer stated he never saw the approach lights to runway 35, and never saw the runway. The captain stated that, when the airplane was about 1 to 2 miles from the runway and 500 ft above ground level, he lost visual of runway 35 and initiated a go around. Radar data also showed that, about 0.5 mile from the paved surface, the airplane moved to the right of the taxiway, to between the extended centerlines of the runway and taxiway. The captain did not recall the airplane’s position over the airport at the time of the go-around but did recall not seeing the runway or taxiway. The first officer stated that he did not see the runway. Data from the airplane’s flight data recorder (FDR) and FAA radar data showed that, during the go-around procedure, the airplane reached a minimum altitude of 125 ft agl when it was 0.1 mile from the paved surface. FDR data showed that both engines’ fan speed advanced to 80% and that airplane’s pitch and altitude increased as the airplane passed over the south end of taxiway E. At that time, four airplanes were on taxiway E heading south for departure on runway 35. At the time that the flight crew reported to ATC that the incident airplane was going around, the airplane overflew the southernmost airplane on the taxiway, an Embraer EMB-145. FAA radar data showed that the airplane’s ground track was slightly to the right of taxiway E as the flight crew performed the go-around, and the closest that the airplane came to the EMB-145 was about 200 ft vertically. (The other three airplanes that were on taxiway E as the incident airplane began to climb were an Embraer EMB-175, a Bombardier CRJ-700, and another Embraer EMB-145. The incident airplane completed the go-around and the second approach to the airport and landed uneventfully on runway 27R. PERSONNEL INFORMATIONThe incident flight was the flight crew’s second flight of the day. The captain started his duty day at 1100, and the first officer started his duty day at 1140. The airplane departed from Van Nuys Airport, Van Nuys, California, at 1158 (0858 local time) on a ferry flight to SJD that was conducted under Part 91. The captain was the pilot monitoring, and the first officer was the pilot flying. The flight arrived at SJD at 1358 (1058 local time).