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NTSB Report

October 8, 2018 · Piper PA28 161 · N2250S

Grass Valley, CA

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
October 8, 2018
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (1 uninjured)
Location
Grass Valley, CA
Aircraft
Piper PA28 161 (1979)
Tail Number
N2250S
Operator
Mach 5 Aviation
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
WPR19LA003

The accident flight was the student pilot’s first solo cross-country flight; the intended route of flight included stops at five airports along the route. Prior to departure, the pilot confirmed the left fuel tank was full, and the right fuel tank contained about 17 gallons. The airplane was not refueled during the cross-country flight. The pilot stated she flew with the left fuel tank selected until the final leg of the trip. She reported that, after departure from the last airport, she switched to the right fuel tank. When the airplane was about 5 miles from Grass Valley Airport (GOO), at an altitude of about 5,000 ft above ground level (agl), the engine started to sputter. The pilot attempted, unsuccessfully, to restart the engine and she contacted the air traffic control tower at GOO to report an engine failure. She was cleared to land; however, the airplane was at an altitude of 3,200 feet agl and continuing to lose altitude. When she realized the airplane would not make it to the airport, she performed a forced landing to an open field. During the landing, the nose landing gear collapsed, and the right wing was damaged. After the accident, 17 gallons of fuel were removed from the right-wing fuel tank and the left-wing fuel tank was empty. Because the amount of fuel in the right fuel tank after the accident was the same as before takeoff and the pilot stated she flew most of the flight with the left fuel tank selected, it is likely that, despite her report of switching to the right fuel tank, the left tank remained selected, and its fuel supply was exhausted. Other than the absence of fuel, no anomalies were noted with the engine that would have precluded normal operation.

NTSB Probable Cause

A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation and the pilot's mismanagement of the available fuel.

Full Narrative

On October 8, 2018, at 1100 Pacific daylight time, a Piper PA-28-161, N2250S, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Grass Valley, California. The student pilot was not injured. The airplane was operated as an instructional flight under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. According to the pilot, she had completed three previous solo flights and this flight was her first cross-country flight. She planned the intended route from Auburn Municipal Airport (AUN) with intermediate landings at Lincoln Regional Airport (LHM), Colusa County Airport (O08), Willows/Glenn County Airport (WLW), Haigh Field Airport (037), Red Bluff Municipal Airport (RBL), and back to AUN. The pilot reported that before she departed AUN she confirmed the left fuel tank was full, and the right fuel tank was "to the tabs" (approximately 17 gallons). The airplane was not refueled during the cross-country flight. The pilot stated she flew with the left fuel tank selected for most of the flight; once she departed RBL, she switched to the right fuel tank (near Orville, California). When the airplane was about 5 miles from the Grass Valley Airport (GOO), at an altitude of about 5,000 ft above ground level (agl), the engine started to sputter. The pilot attempted, unsuccessfully, to restart the engine and she contacted the air traffic control tower at GOO to report an engine failure. She was cleared to land at GOO; however, the airplane was at an altitude of 3,200 feet agl and continuing to lose altitude. When she realized the airplane would not make it to the airport, she performed a forced landing to an open field. During the landing, the nose landing gear collapsed, and the right wing was damaged. Interviews with recovery personnel revealed that 17 gallons of fuel were removed from the right wing fuel tank and the left-wing fuel tank was empty. Examination of the airplane by a Federal Aviation Administration inspector revealed no preimpact mechanical anomalies.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time11:00 PDT
Nearest AirportNevada County (6nm W)
Flight Plan FiledUnknown
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftPiper PA28 161
Tail NumberN2250S
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
OperatorMach 5 Aviation
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-320 SERIES · Reciprocating
Seats4

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (1 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured1
Total1
Crew 1Age 21 · Third Class · None

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind240° @ 7 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point66 F / 23 C
Altimeter26.70 inHg
Observation Time18:00
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data