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August 1, 2023 · Bell Helicopter Textron Canada 407 · N31PB

North Charleston, SC

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
August 1, 2023
Injury Outcomes
1 injury (1 minor injury)
Location
North Charleston, SC
Aircraft
Bell Helicopter Textron Canada 407 (2012)
Tail Number
N31PB
Operator
Charleston County Sheriff S Office
Injuries
Minor
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
ERA23LA319

The pilot reported that, about 35 minutes into the flight, he noticed that the helicopter began to yaw to the right and his pedal inputs did not correct the situation. He contacted the tower at his destination and declared an emergency. As he approached the runway for a straight-in landing, the helicopter yawed again. He lowered the collective, but the helicopter continued to yaw right. He then reduced the throttle and attempted to maintain a level attitude. The helicopter struck the ground at a high rate of descent, coming to rest in the grass adjacent to runway. The helicopter sustained substantial damage to the fuselage, main rotor system, and tail rotor system. A postaccident examination of the helicopter found one of the two bolts that secured the tail rotor pitch change lever assembly was missing. The lever assembly was disconnected from the trunnion, resulting in the loss of tail rotor control. The other bolt that connected the levers to the rod assembly was in place, but loose; the cotter pin for its attachment nut was missing. A review of the maintenance records revealed that a 300 hour/3 month inspection was performed on the helicopter about 15.4 flight hours before the accident. According to the helicopter manufacturer, that recent inspection would not have required removal of the lever assembly bolts; however, the nuts and bolts should have been clearly visible during the inspection of the area. The mechanic who performed the inspection stated that he must have overlooked them.

NTSB Probable Cause

A failure of the tail rotor pitch change lever assembly due to incorrectly installed bolts and maintenance personnel’s inadequate inspection of the tail rotor control system.

Full Narrative

On August 1, 2023, about 1530 eastern daylight time, a Bell Helicopter Textron Canada 407, N31PB, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near North Charleston, South Carolina. The commercial pilot sustained minor injuries. The helicopter was operated as a public aircraft. The helicopter, operated by the Charleston County Sheriff’s Office, was on a positioning flight from Sumter Airport (SMS), Sumter, South Carolina, to Charleston AFB International Airport (CHS), North Charleston, South Carolina. The pilot reported that, after about 35 minutes of flight, the helicopter started to yaw slowly to the right. The pilot applied left pedal with no response. The pilot stated, “It felt as if the pedals were not attached.” He contacted CHS tower and declared an emergency. He set up for a straight-in approach to runway 15. While crossing the runway threshold, about 20 ft above ground level, the helicopter started to yaw to the right. He lowered the collective, but the helicopter continued to yaw right. He then reduced the throttle and attempted to maintain a level attitude. The helicopter struck the ground adjacent to runway 15 at a high rate of descent, coming to rest in the grass. The tail rotor boom severed during the impact sequence. Inspectors with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) responded to the accident site and examined the wreckage. They confirmed substantial damage to the fuselage, main rotor system, and tail rotor system. They found 1 of the 2 bolts that secured the tail rotor pitch change lever assembly was missing (Photo 1). The lever assembly was disconnected from the trunnion. The other bolt that connected the levers to the rod assembly was in place, but loose; the cotter pin for its attachment nut was missing (Photo 2). Photo 1: Tail rotor Pitch Change Lever Assembly. Red arrow points to area of missing bolt. Photo 2: Pitch Change Lever Assembly. Red arrow points to loose nut on bolt; cotter pin was missing. A review of the maintenance records by FAA inspectors revealed that a 300 hour/3 month inspection was performed on the helicopter on June 28, 2023. The helicopter had been flown about 15.4 hours since this inspection. According to Bell Helicopter technical support personnel, the inspection/lubrication procedure that was accomplished on June 28 would not require removal of the lever assembly bolts; however, the nuts and bolts should have been clearly visible during the inspection of the area. The mechanic who performed the inspection stated that he must have overlooked them.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time15:30 EDT
Nearest AirportCharleston Afb International (0nm)
Runway15
Runway Length9001 ft
Runway Width150 ft
Flight Plan FiledNone
Flight Plan ActivatedNo
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftBell Helicopter Textron Canada 407
Tail NumberN31PB
Aircraft CategoryHeli
DamageSubstantial
OperatorCharleston County Sheriff S Office
Engines1
Engine TypeTurboshaft
Engine DetailsRolls-Royce · C47B · Turboshaft
Seats7

People & Injuries

Injury Summary1 injury (1 minor injury)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor1
Uninjured0
Total1
Crew 1Age 57 · Second Class · Minor

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind110° @ 9 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingBroken clouds 5500 ft
Altimeter30.03 inHg
Observation Time15:56
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data