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July 13, 2024 · Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter 369E · N473E

Cottonwood, AZ

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
July 13, 2024
Injury Outcomes
No injuries (4 uninjured)
Location
Cottonwood, AZ
Aircraft
Mcdonnell Douglas Helicopter 369E (1991)
Tail Number
N473E
Operator
Heliventure
Injuries
None
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
WPR24LA243

On July 13, 2024, about 1045 mountain daylight time, a McDonnell Douglas Helicopter 369E, N473E, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Sedona, Arizona. The pilot and 3 passengers were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 air tour flight. The pilot reported that during the flight, he maneuvered the helicopter so that the passenger on the left side could take photographs. He began a steady descent and pointed out the terrain, however, as he proceeded to fly away, the helicopter began an un-commanded yaw to the right. The pilot immediately applied left pedal input to counteract the spin, however, the helicopter continued to spin to the right. Shortly after, the low rotor rpm warning horn sounded, and he increased the collective as he saw the flashing digits on the Turbine Outlet Temperature (TOT) gauge. He continued to apply control inputs but was not able to arrest the uncommanded right yaw. The pilot then lowered the collective and nosed down the helicopter to initiate an autorotation. The airspeed began to increase, and the yaw ceased, but the helicopter landed hard, and the left skid sheared off. The pilot maintained directional control and kept the helicopter upright. As the helicopter slid across the ground, the pilot verified engine instruments and increased collective to takeoff again. The pilot stated that after verifying everything felt normal, he returned to Cottonwood Airport (P52), Cottonwood, Arizona. Upon arrival to P52, the pilot landed on the right skid and disembarked the passengers without any further incident. The pilot then maneuvered the helicopter to a safe location over a grass covered area, and shortly after landing on the right skid, he pulled the fuel cutoff switch while simultaneously lowering the collective and rolling the throttle off. Subsequently, the helicopter rolled to the left and came to rest on its left side. The helicopter sustained substantial damage to the drive train. The helicopter was recovered to a secure facility for further examination.

NTSB Probable Cause

The pilot’s low-speed, high-power maneuvering in high density altitude and near maximum gross weight, which resulted in an uncommanded right yaw due to a loss of tail rotor effectiveness and a subsequent hard landing.

Full Narrative

On July 13, 2024, about 1045 mountain daylight time, a McDonnell Douglas Helicopter 369E, N473E, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Cottonwood, Arizona. The pilot and 3 passengers were not injured. The helicopter was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 sightseeing flight. The pilot reported that he departed from Cottonwood Airport (P52), Cottonwood, Arizona, with three passengers for a local area sightseeing flight over mountainous terrain. About 30 minutes into the flight, the pilot made a slow, high-powered, descending maneuver near an area with ruins about 15 nm northeast from P52, so that the passengers could take photos. As the pilot attempted to leave the area an uncommanded right yaw occurred. The pilot applied full left pedal control, but the helicopter continued its right yaw. Shortly after, the low rotor rpm audio warning sounded, and the temperature caution light flashed. The pilot then performed a low-level autorotation and nosed down the helicopter to gain airspeed. The helicopter's airspeed increased, and the right yaw stopped, but the helicopter landed hard on the ground and its left skid separated. The helicopter bounced several times and slid forward. The pilot scanned the instruments; observing that all values were normal, he then opted to depart the mountainous area and, after he believed he achieved satisfactory flight control response during slow maneuvers, returned to P52. He briefed the passengers on his plan for their egress, executed an emergency landing with a single skid, and successfully disembarked his passengers with assistance from another pilot. Shortly after, the pilot relocated the helicopter to a grassy area within the airport and away from structures. Once the helicopter was settled on the ground with one skid, he pulled the fuel cutoff switch while he simultaneously lowered the collective and rolled off the throttle. Subsequently, the helicopter came to rest on its left side and the main rotor blades contacted the ground. The helicopter’s drivetrain sustained substantial damage. Postaccident examination revealed no preimpact mechanical failures or malfunctions to the airframe. The pilot reported a possible tail control rigging issue; however, the 4-bladed tail rotor assembly was examined for rigging and revealed no anomalies. Flight control and drivetrain continuity was confirmed from the cockpit to all main and tail rotor flight control surfaces. The pilot reported that during the maneuver near the accident site, the helicopter was flying about 100 ft above ground level at about 20 kts. The helicopter flight manual’s height/velocity performance chart showed that the helicopter was at a combination of height and velocity which pilots are recommended to avoid operating (assuming a smooth hard surface and calm winds), as it would leave the pilot with insufficient time, altitude, or kinetic energy to cushion the touchdown from an autorotation. According to the operator’s calculation, using a pressure altitude of 5,100 ft (the reported tour site altitude) and an outside air temperature of 32°C, the helicopter flight manual’s hover ceiling performance chart showed that the recommended maximum operational weight for out-of-ground effect (OGE) hover was about 2,740 lbs with the air conditioning (AC) unit off, and about 2,640 lbs with the AC unit on. According to the operator, the helicopter’s gross weight at the time of the accident was about 2,826 lbs. The manual noted that the 4-bladed tail rotor’s OGE directional controllability in winds greater than 3 kts had not been determined; the manufacturer added that the 4-bladed tail rotor system was susceptible to LTE while operating in high winds, with low airspeed (typically below translational speed) and high-power settings, and near or above maximum gross weight. FAA AC 90-95 (“Unanticipated Right Yaw in Helicopters”) discusses the phenomenon of LTE. According to the AC, LTE is a critical, low-airspeed aerodynamic flight characteristic, which can result in an uncommanded rapid yaw rate. Conditions under which LTE may occur include maneuvers that require the pilot to operate in a high-power, low-airspeed environment with a left crosswind or tailwind. Other factors that significantly influence the severity of the onset of LTE include high gross weight, high density altitude, and low indicated airspeed. The advisory circular further states that a pilot should conduct low-level, low-airspeed maneuvers with minimum weight and, when maneuvering between hover and 30 kts, the pilot should avoid OGE hover and high-power demand situations. At the time of the accident, the pilot was operating at a density altitude of about 8,119 ft.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time10:45 MST
Nearest AirportCottonwood (0.1nm E)
Flight Plan FiledNone
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftMcdonnell Douglas Helicopter 369E
Tail NumberN473E
Aircraft CategoryHeli
DamageSubstantial
OperatorHeliventure
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeTurboshaft
Engine DetailsRolls-Royc · 250-C20B · Turboshaft · 420
Seats5

People & Injuries

Injury SummaryNo injuries (4 uninjured)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor0
Uninjured4
Total4
Crew 1Age 50 · Second Class · None

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
WindGusting 18 kt
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point41 F
Altimeter30.24 inHg
Observation Time10:55
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data