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March 27, 2025 · Piper PA-28-140 · N261FC

Royal Kunia, HI

Overview

Report Status
Final with probable cause
Event Type
Accident
Date
March 27, 2025
Injury Outcomes
2 injuries (2 minor injuries)
Location
Royal Kunia, HI
Aircraft
Piper PA-28-140 (1968)
Tail Number
N261FC
Injuries
Minor
Aircraft Damage
Substantial
NTSB Number
ANC25LA028

During an instructional flight, the flight instructor detected a vibration; shortly thereafter he heard a loud bang, the engine lost total power, and the nose dropped. He performed a forced landing to a heavily vegetated field. After landing, the flight instructor noticed that the propeller was missing. It was later found in a nearby residence; no one was injured. The airplane sustained substantial damage to both wings, the fuselage, and the empennage. Examination of the separated propeller revealed that the engine crankshaft had fractured and separated just aft of the crankshaft propeller flange (CPF). This flange is an integral part of the crankshaft and is where the propeller attaches to the engine; however, the CPF was found attached to the separated propeller and not the crankshaft where it belonged. The CPF was removed from the propeller and examined by an NTSB metallurgist to determine why the crankshaft had fractured and separated. The examination revealed that the CPF had been improperly modified by the drilling and installation of additional bolts. Investigators were unable to determine the purpose for the modification, when it was made, or by whom. Available maintenance records did not include any entries noting that the propeller assembly had been removed or altered since initial installation. Additionally, there are no Lycoming maintenance instructions, repair instructions, or service bulletins that permit hole drilling and filling of the CPF.

NTSB Probable Cause

Improper alteration of the crankshaft propeller flange at an unknown time, which resulted in an in-flight separation of the propeller assembly.

Full Narrative

On March 27, 2025, about 1200 Hawaii-Aleutian standard time, a Piper PA-28-140, N261FC, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Royal Kunia, Hawaii. The flight instructor and student pilot reported minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. The flight instructor and student departed Honolulu Airport (HNL), Honolulu, Hawaii, for the student’s first instructional flight. As the airplane climbed to about 1,500 ft mean sea level the instructor reported feeling a slight vibration, which he had not felt on a previous flight in the accident airplane earlier that day. The flight instructor initiated a climb and turned back to HNL. He then heard a loud bang, the engine lost total power, and the nose of the airplane dropped. The flight instructor subsequently initiated an off-airport emergency landing to a field. The airplane impacted several small trees and vegetation during landing, resulting in substantial damage to the fuselage, wings, and empennage. Upon landing, the flight instructor noticed that the propeller was missing. It was later found in a nearby residence; no one was injured. Examination of the separated propeller revealed that the engine crankshaft had fractured and separated just aft of the CPF. The separated CPF, mating flywheel starter ring gear, and six attaching bolts with washers were sent to the NTSB Materials Laboratory for examination. The examination revealed that the CPF had separated from the crankshaft through the webs between the lightening holes at roughly the same radial location. The separation was due to multiple fatigue fractures through the flange webs. The fracture surfaces on two diametrically opposite webs were perpendicular to embedded cylindrical-shaped items, consistent with bolt shanks. The fatigue fractures initiated at these bolt pieces in two of the crankshaft propeller flange webs and propagated over a long period of time. Maintenance records indicated that the Lycoming O-320-62A engine and the Sensenich propeller were installed on the airplane on September 15, 2019. Available maintenance records did not include any entries noting that the propeller assembly had been removed or altered since its initial installation. The most recent annual inspection was completed on February 5, 2025, and indicated 1,805.1 hours on the engine since overhaul. The most recent 100-hour inspection of the propeller was completed on March 7, 2025, and records indicate that it had about 3,975.6 hours since new. There is no record of a crankshaft modification, and no part markings were observed on the outer diameter of the propeller flange as specified on the manufacturer’s drawing; therefore, the exact age and model of the crankshaft could not be determined. Historical engine records indicating the date and details of the last engine overhaul could not be located.

Flight

Event TypeAccident
Event Time12:00 HST
Nearest Airport0nm
Flight Plan FiledNone
Flight Plan ActivatedNo
Aircraft FireNo
Aircraft ExplosionNo

Aircraft

AircraftPiper PA-28-140
Tail NumberN261FC
Aircraft CategoryAir
DamageSubstantial
Operating RulePart 91
Engines1
Engine TypeReciprocating
Engine DetailsLycoming · O-320-62A · Reciprocating · 150
Seats5

People & Injuries

Injury Summary2 injuries (2 minor injuries)
Fatal0
Serious0
Minor2
Uninjured0
Total2
Crew 1Age 38 · First Class · None
Crew 2Age 22 · None · Minor

Conditions

ConditionsVMC
LightDaylight
Wind160°
Visibility10 sm
CeilingNone
Temperature / Dew Point68 F
Altimeter30.07 inHg
Observation Time11:53
Weather SourceWFAC

Appendix: Source Data